Information

Understanding Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

What is Hypertension?

Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a condition where the force of the blood against your artery walls is consistently too high. Over time, this can lead to serious health problems such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure.

Causes and Risk Factors

Hypertension can be classified into two types:

• Primary (essential) hypertension: Develops over time with no identifiable cause.

• Secondary hypertension: Caused by an underlying condition such as kidney disease, hormone disorders, or certain medications.

Risk Factors Include:

• Family history of high blood pressure

• Being overweight or obese

• Lack of physical activity

• Excessive salt (sodium) intake

• Smoking and alcohol use

• Chronic stress

• Age (risk increases with age)

Symptoms

Hypertension is often called the "silent killer" because it typically has no symptoms. However, in severe cases, it may cause:

• Headaches

• Shortness of breath

• Nosebleeds

• Dizziness or blurred vision

Diagnosis

Blood pressure is measured using a cuff and gauge. A reading includes two numbers:

• Systolic (top number): Pressure when the heart beats

• Diastolic (bottom number): Pressure when the heart rests between beats

A normal reading is typically less than 120/80 mm Hg.

Treatment and Management

Managing hypertension usually involves lifestyle changes and, in some cases, medication.

Lifestyle changes may include:

• Eating a heart-healthy diet (like the DASH diet)

• Reducing salt intake

• Exercising regularly

• Quitting smoking

• Limiting alcohol

• Managing stress

Medications may include:

• Diuretics

• ACE inhibitors

• Beta-blockers

• Calcium channel blockers

Why It Matters

Left untreated, high blood pressure can damage your heart, brain, kidneys, and eyes. Regular check-ups and a healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce your risk.

When to See a Doctor

If you have consistently high readings or experience symptoms like chest pain, severe headaches, or difficulty breathing, seek medical attention immediately.